제1 형용사 문형

제1 형용사 문형

AP1: easy, difficult, hard, safe, dangerous

 

1. a. It is easy to deceive John

b. To deceive John is easy

c. John is easy to deceive

 

2. a. It was difficult to find the house.

b. To find the house was difficult.

c. The house was difficult to find.

 

 

1.2c)에서 외형상의 주어인 John과 The House는 심층적으로 동사의 목적어이므로 ‘반드시 목적어로 해석’하여야한다. 특수한 유형의 형용사가 용법과 문장 변형을 가르쳐야한다.

Hornby는 동사의 목적어 뿐만아니라 전치사의 목적어도 가주어 it 자리로 이동이 가능한 예를 보여주고 있다. 이 문장들은 위의 형용사 유형과 구조적 유사성을 보이지만 형용사 문형과는 관련이 없는 것으로 설명한다. 그러나 listen to를 복합동사로 보면 to는 동사의 일부가 된다. listen to를 hear로 대체 하면 설명이 가능하다.

 

3. a. It was painful to listen to the story of her suffering.

b. The story of her suffering was painful to listen to.

c. The story of her suffering was painful to hear.

 

부정사구인 to listen을 동명사로 변형해도 같은 구조를 보인다.

 

4. a. To listen to the story of her suffering was painful.

b. Listening to the story of her suffering was painful.

 

How를 이용하여 다음과 같이 감탄문으로 변형할 수 있다.

 

5. a. How easy it is to deceive John!

b. How difficult it was to find the house!

 

#동사의 목적어와 전치사의 목적어의 차이점.

6. a. John is easy to deceive.

b. That man is impossible to work with.

 

동사의 목적어인 John은 주어 위치에서도 목적어로 해석해야한다. 반면 전치사의 목적어인 that man은 주어로 해석된다. 5b)에 해당하는 형용사는 painful, pleasant, (im)possible, exciting thrilling 등이 있다.

 

# 문장 변형 연습문제

예) a. It is pleasant to work in this room.

b. This room is pleasant to work in.

c. To work in this room is pleasant.

d. Working in this room is pleasant.

e. How pleasant it is to work in this room.

f. Isn't is pleasant to work in this room.

 

1. It is pleasant to talk to that girl.

2. It is dangerous to bathe in this river.

3. It is hard to please some people.

4. It is difficult to heat these big rooms.

5. It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.

6. It has always been easy to get along with her.

 

#관용적 표현

easy/difficult와는 달리 다음의 예는 서로 반대되는 의미의 형용사를 항상 같이 사용할 수 없는 경우를 나타낸다.

7. a. That man is impossible to work with.

b. It's impossible to work with that man.

c. *That man is possible to work with.

d. It's possible to work with that man.

 

 

8. a. Our team is impossible to defeat.

b. To defeat our team is impossible.

c. *Our team is possible to defeat.

d. It's possible to defeat our team.

 

이런 형용사들은 명사 앞에와서 명사를 수식하는 것도 가능하다.

9. a. The nut is hard to cra처.

b. This is a hard nut to crack.

c. This question is difficult to answer.

d. This is a difficult question to answer.

e. She is impossible to live with.

f. She's an imposible woman to live with.